{"id":570,"date":"2022-11-10T08:04:10","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T08:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cest-pharma.com\/?p=570"},"modified":"2022-12-20T07:10:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T07:10:24","slug":"the-importance-of-phosphorus-and-calcium-in-the-body-of-birds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cest-pharma.com\/pl\/2022\/11\/10\/znaczenie-fosforu-i-wapnia-w-organizmie-ptakow\/","title":{"rendered":"Znaczenie fosforu i wapnia w organizmie ptak\u00f3w!"},"content":{"rendered":"
Fosfor odgrywa wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119 w syntezie kwas\u00f3w nukleinowych, metabolizmie energetycznym, funkcji mi\u0119\u015bni, aktywno\u015bci enzymatycznej, metabolizmie lipid\u00f3w i mineralizacji ko\u015bci. St\u0119\u017cenie fosforu wyst\u0119puje g\u0142\u00f3wnie (oko\u0142o 85%) w ko\u015bci w postaci hydroksyapatytu. Oko\u0142o 10% ca\u0142kowitego fosforu w organizmie sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z organicznych fosforan\u00f3w z nukleotyd\u00f3w, fosfolipid\u00f3w i fosfoprotein.<\/p>\n\n\n
\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
Fosfor surowiczy (5%) wyst\u0119puje w postaci nast\u0119puj\u0105cych (nieorganicznych) jon\u00f3w fosforanowych: HPO4\u2013 i H2PO4-. Oznaczanie fosforu w surowicy obejmuje wszystkie formy, w kt\u00f3rych si\u0119 on znajduje. R\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od pH surowicy, poniewa\u017c fosforan dzia\u0142a jak uk\u0142ad buforowy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rola funkcjonalna, tworzenie nukleotyd\u00f3w odgrywa rol\u0119 w metabolizmie energetycznym \u2013 poprzez trifosforan adenozyny (ATP) oraz w przechowywaniu i przekazywaniu materia\u0142u genetycznego kom\u00f3rki, poprzez tworzenie kwas\u00f3w nukleinowych \u2013 kwasu dezoksyrybonukleinowego (DNA) i kwasu rybonukleinowego (RNA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wap\u0144 odgrywa r\u00f3wnie\u017c rol\u0119 w sygnalizacji mi\u0119dzykom\u00f3rkowej (np. cykliczny monofosforan adenozyny \u2013 cAMP jest przeka\u017anikiem drugiego rz\u0119du, kt\u00f3ry powstaje poprzez stymulacj\u0119 receptora sprz\u0119\u017conego z bia\u0142kiem alfa-G \u2013 z podjednostk\u0105 s \u2013 aktywuj\u0105c\u0105 cyklaz\u0119 adenylanow\u0105, kt\u00f3ra przekszta\u0142ca ATP w cAMP. fosforylacja lub defosforylacja niekt\u00f3rych enzym\u00f3w polega na ich aktywacji lub ich dezaktywacji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tworzenie ko\u015bci zale\u017cy od st\u0119\u017cenia fosforu w diecie. Wykazano, \u017ce diety o niskiej zawarto\u015bci fosforu ograniczaj\u0105 wzrost ptak\u00f3w, podczas gdy wysokie spo\u017cycie fosforu niekorzystnie wp\u0142ywa na metabolizm wapnia (Ca) i w\u0142a\u015bciwo\u015bci ko\u015bci. St\u0119\u017cenia fosforu w surowicy i ko\u015bciach mog\u0105 odzwierciedla\u0107 zmiany homeostazy fosforu, a zawarto\u015b\u0107 w normalnym zakresie jest wa\u017cna dla prawid\u0142owego funkcjonowania fizjologicznego i optymalnej mineralizacji ko\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Wap\u0144 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od wieku, wap\u0144 zmagazynowany w ko\u015bci mo\u017ce si\u0119ga\u0107 nawet 98-99% ca\u0142kowitego wapnia w organizmie. Przechowywany jest w dw\u00f3ch formach: \u0142atwej do mobilizacji \u2013 szybko wykorzystywanej przez dzia\u0142anie parathormonu w przypadku spadku poziomu wapnia we krwi; inny trudny do mobilizacji, przechowywany na poziomie zbitej ko\u015bci z powierzchni ko\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Funkcjonalna rola wapnia, komunikacja mi\u0119dzykom\u00f3rkowa, bycie pos\u0142a\u0144cem drugiego rz\u0119du, pobudliwo\u015b\u0107 kom\u00f3rkowa. Poprzez r\u00f3\u017cny rozk\u0142ad jon\u00f3w (Na+, K+, Ca2+) pomi\u0119dzy wn\u0119trzem a zewn\u0119trzem kom\u00f3rki, na poziomie b\u0142ony kom\u00f3rkowej realizowany jest spoczynkowy potencja\u0142 b\u0142onowy, transmisja impulsu nerwowego na poziomie synapsy i skurcze mi\u0119\u015bni. Wap\u0144 odgrywa rol\u0119 w uwalnianiu acetylocholiny (mediatora chemicznego) w szczelinie synaptycznej poprzez egzocytoz\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 od wapnia. Depolaryzuje b\u0142on\u0119 kom\u00f3rkow\u0105 mi\u0119\u015bni i stwarza potencja\u0142 do dzia\u0142ania na tym poziomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zbo\u017ca s\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnym sk\u0142adnikiem diety go\u0142\u0119bi i zawieraj\u0105 wysokie st\u0119\u017cenia fosforu, z kt\u00f3rych wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 uwa\u017cana jest za biologicznie niedost\u0119pn\u0105. Nale\u017cy jednak zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce sk\u0142adnikami po\u017cywienia s\u0105 ro\u015bliny, (zw\u0142aszcza pszenica), kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 zawiera\u0107 znaczn\u0105 endogenn\u0105 aktywno\u015b\u0107 fitazy. Fitazy mog\u0105 by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c produkowane przez r\u00f3\u017cne bakterie. Niekt\u00f3rzy autorzy sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce fitynian jest hydrolizowany przez fitazy wytwarzane przez mikroorganizmy obecne w jelicie cienkim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ponadto do diety dodawane s\u0105 nieorganiczne suplementy fosforowe, aby w pe\u0142ni zaspokoi\u0107 wymagania ptak\u00f3w zalecane przez fosfor. Wdro\u017cenie poziom\u00f3w fosforu nieorganicznego w praktyce mo\u017ce przyczyni\u0107 si\u0119 do wy\u017cszych koszt\u00f3w paszy i zanieczyszczenia \u015brodowiska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dlatego celem niniejszej pracy by\u0142o zbadanie wp\u0142ywu poziomu fosforu w diecie bez zmiany poziomu wapnia na u\u017cytkowo\u015b\u0107 go\u0142\u0119bi hodowlanych i cechy ko\u015bci kurcz\u0105t od 7 do 21 dni, aby pozna\u0107 zapotrzebowanie na fosfor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Fosfor odgrywa wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119 w syntezie kwas\u00f3w nukleinowych, metabolizmie energetycznym, funkcji mi\u0119\u015bni, aktywno\u015bci enzymatycznej, metabolizmie lipid\u00f3w i mineralizacji ko\u015bci. St\u0119\u017cenie fosforu wyst\u0119puje g\u0142\u00f3wnie (oko\u0142o 85%) w ko\u015bci w postaci hydroksyapatytu. Oko\u0142o 10% ca\u0142kowitego fosforu w organizmie sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z organicznych fosforan\u00f3w z nukleotyd\u00f3w, fosfolipid\u00f3w i fosfoprotein. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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