{"id":1781,"date":"2025-04-08T07:52:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T07:52:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cest-pharma.com\/?p=1781"},"modified":"2025-04-08T08:46:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T08:46:50","slug":"the-effectiveness-of-propolis-against-bacteria-candida-albicans-and-trichomonas-gallinae-isolated-from-pigeons-a-possible-alternative-to-antibiotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cest-pharma.com\/ro\/2025\/04\/08\/the-effectiveness-of-propolis-against-bacteria-candida-albicans-and-trichomonas-gallinae-isolated-from-pigeons-a-possible-alternative-to-antibiotics\/","title":{"rendered":"Eficacitatea propolisului \u00eempotriva bacteriilor, Candida albicans \u0219i Trichomonas gallinae\nIzolat de porumbei \u2013 o posibil\u0103 alternativ\u0103 la antibiotice Candida albicans<\/em>, and Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> Izolat de la porumbei \u2013 o posibil\u0103 alternativ\u0103 la antibiotice<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rezisten\u021ba antimicrobian\u0103 este una dintre cele mai grave probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate uman\u0103 \u0219i animal\u0103 ale timpului nostru. De exemplu, tulpinile de Candida albicans izolate de la porumbei prezint\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult rezisten\u021b\u0103 la clotrimazol, natamicin\u0103, flucitozin\u0103, amfotericin\u0103 B, ketoconazol, nistatin\u0103 \u0219i econazol. Candida albicans<\/em> strains isolated from pigeons are increasingly showing resistance to clotrimazole, natamycin, flucytosine, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, nystatin, and econazole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Porumbeii voiajori joac\u0103 un rol cheie \u00een r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea rezisten\u021bei, deoarece parcurg sute de kilometri \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 curs\u0103, oferind o oportunitate pentru diseminarea bacteriilor rezistente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propolisul este o substan\u021b\u0103 natural\u0103 cu propriet\u0103\u021bi antibacteriene, antivirale, antioxidante, antiproliferative, antifungice, antiparazitare, antiinflamatorii, antiprotozoare, imunomodulatoare, hepatoprotectoare, antitumorale, citotoxice \u0219i cicatrizante. Propolisul ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin numeroasele sale molecule biologic active, cum ar fi polifenolii \u0219i terpenoizii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1d\u00e1m Kerek \u0219i colab. au efectuat un studiu pentru a investiga eficacitatea propolisului \u00eempotriva Staphylococcus spp.: valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 1,56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/ml; valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 12,5\u20133260 \u03bcg\/ml<\/em>, Enterococcus spp.: valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 1,56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/ml; valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 12,5\u2013800 \u03bcg\/ml<\/em>, Escherichia coli<\/em>, Salmonella enterica<\/em>, Candida albicans<\/em>, and Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> izolat de la porumbei. Pentru fiecare agent patogen, concentra\u021bia minim\u0103 inhibitorie (CMI) \u0219i concentra\u021bia minim\u0103 de eradicare (CME) au fost determinate pentru opt izolate utiliz\u00e2nd extracte etanolice de propolis la concentra\u021bii de 96%, 90%, 80%, 70% \u0219i 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studiul a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 propolisul este eficient \u00een inhibarea cre\u0219terii bacteriilor, Candida albicans<\/em>, and Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> tulpini. Eficacitatea sa \u00eempotriva bacteriilor Gram-pozitive a fost, \u00een unele cazuri, comparabil\u0103 cu cea a antibioticelor, suger\u00e2nd propolisul ca o alternativ\u0103 poten\u021bial\u0103 pentru tratamentul infec\u021biilor r\u0103nilor. Eficacitatea sa remarcabil\u0103 \u00eempotriva Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> este deosebit de promi\u021b\u0103tor ca tratament alternativ pentru aceast\u0103 infec\u021bie comun\u0103 a porumbeilor. De asemenea, s-a dovedit eficient \u00eempotriva Candida albicans<\/em> tulpini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Candida albicans<\/em>: MIC values between 1.56 and 400 \u03bcg\/mL; MEC values between 3.125 and 800 \u03bcg\/mL<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Trichomonas gallinae<\/em>: MEC values between 2.5 and 5 mg\/mL<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Staphylococcus spp.: valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 1,56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/ml; valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 12,5\u20133260 \u03bcg\/ml<\/em>: MIC values between 1.56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/mL; MEC values between 12.5\u20133260 \u03bcg\/mL<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Enterococcus spp.: valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 1,56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/ml; valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) \u00eentre 12,5\u2013800 \u03bcg\/ml<\/em>: MIC values between 1.56\u2013400 \u03bcg\/mL; MEC values between 12.5\u2013800 \u03bcg\/mL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Escherichia coli<\/em> \u0219i Salmonella enterica<\/em>: MIC values >13,000 \u03bcg\/mL<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Mecanismele de ac\u021biune antimicrobiene ale propolisului:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Activitatea antibacterian\u0103<\/strong> este atribuit\u0103 inhib\u0103rii sintezei acizilor nucleici, reducerii motilit\u0103\u021bii, perturb\u0103rii func\u021biei membranei celulare, inhib\u0103rii metabolismului energetic, prevenirii form\u0103rii biofilmului, deterior\u0103rii proteinelor membranare, modific\u0103rii permeabilit\u0103\u021bii membranei \u0219i reducerii rezisten\u021bei bacteriene.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Impotriva fungi (Candida albicans<\/em>)<\/strong>Propolisul perturb\u0103 membrana celular\u0103 prin depolarizare \u0219i induce apoptoza. De asemenea, inhib\u0103 exprimarea mai multor gene legate de patogenitate, aderen\u021b\u0103 celular\u0103, formarea biofilmului \u0219i comutarea fenotipic\u0103. Comutarea fenotipic\u0103, \u00een special formarea hifelor, este unul dintre factorii cheie de virulen\u021b\u0103 la fungi. Candida albicans<\/em> este cea mai comun\u0103 drojdie patogen\u0103, forma sa hifal\u0103 capabil\u0103 s\u0103 penetreze \u021besuturile epiteliale \u0219i endoteliale, provoc\u00e2nd leziuni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ac\u021biunea antiparazitar\u0103<\/strong> Ac\u021biunea propolisului implic\u0103 mai multe mecanisme. Acesta interfereaz\u0103 cu metabolismul fosfolipidelor, sc\u0103z\u00e2nd nivelurile de fosfatidilglicerol \u0219i fosfatidilinozitol - ambele componente vitale ale membranelor celulare. \u00cen plus, flavonoidele precum calconele inhib\u0103 semnificativ cre\u0219terea parazi\u021bilor. 2,6-dihidroxi-4-metoxicalcona spore\u0219te con\u021binutul de steroli \u0219i modific\u0103 compozi\u021bia membranelor celulare \u0219i mitocondriale, schimb\u00e2nd structura \u0219i fluiditatea. Acidul rozmarinic \u0219i apigenina provoac\u0103 liza celular\u0103, condensarea citoplasmatic\u0103 \u0219i agregarea ADN-ului nuclear. Resveratrolul deterioreaz\u0103 hidrogenosomul, o organit\u0103 celular\u0103 responsabil\u0103 de producerea de energie \u0219i echilibrul redox \u00een protozoare. Apigenina \u0219i acidul cafeic cresc formarea speciilor reactive de oxigen (ROS), duc\u00e2nd la umflarea mitocondriilor \u0219i apoptoz\u0103. Quercetina ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un chelator de fier, \u00een timp ce acidul oleanolic inhib\u0103 activitatea proteazei de suprafa\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru intrarea \u00een celula gazd\u0103. Kaempferolul afecteaz\u0103 expresia lan\u021bului greu de actin\u0103 \u0219i miozin\u0103 II, afect\u00e2nd aderen\u021ba parazi\u021bilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      T. gallinae<\/em> este un protozoar care provoac\u0103 depuneri alb-g\u0103lbui la porumbei, de obicei \u00een tractul respirator superior \u0219i cavitatea faringian\u0103. Mortalitatea este foarte mare la pui \u0219i p\u0103s\u0103ri tinere, \u00een timp ce adul\u021bii sunt adesea asimptomatici. Se transmite frecvent prin apa potabil\u0103 \u0219i hrana p\u0103s\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Iat\u0103 un exemplu privind viabilitatea protozoarelor \u0219i activitatea propolisului \u00eempotriva T. gallinae<\/em>Dup\u0103 recoltarea probei, num\u0103rul de protozoare a fost num\u0103rat dup\u0103 24, 48 \u0219i 72 de ore. Rezultatele arat\u0103 clar c\u0103, dup\u0103 48 de ore, num\u0103rul de protozoare a sc\u0103zut, iar \u00een proba 11 acestea au murit chiar \u0219i (Figura 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Figure 1.<\/strong> Num\u0103rul ini\u021bial de protozoare la 24, 48 \u0219i 72 ore\/ml pentru fiecare Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> strain. A gradual decrease in protozoa count can be clearly observed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Concluzii<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Eficacitatea propolisului a fost demonstrat\u0103 prin numeroase experimente, cu rezultate similare cu cele ob\u021binute \u00een studiul citat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Datorit\u0103 varia\u021biilor \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te originea \u0219i compozi\u021bia geografic\u0103, propolisul poate prezenta valori ale concentra\u021biei minime inhibitorii (CMI) diferite \u00een diferite \u021b\u0103ri. Valorile CMI* sunt \u00een mod constant egale sau mai mari dec\u00e2t valorile CMI. Cu toate acestea, variabilitatea substan\u021bial\u0103 observat\u0103 la propolis poate reduce semnificativ probabilitatea dezvolt\u0103rii rezisten\u021bei \u00een compara\u021bie cu antibioticele.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Infec\u021bie cu Trichomonas gallinae<\/em> este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 printre porumbei, iar aceste descoperiri sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 propolisul se dovede\u0219te promi\u021b\u0103tor ca o alternativ\u0103 la antibiotice pentru tratamentul s\u0103u. Poate fi utilizat ca tratament topic atunci c\u00e2nd este aplicat direct \u00een cavitatea bucal\u0103 sau amestecat cu ap\u0103 potabil\u0103, \u00eenlocuind poten\u021bial utilizarea ronidazolului.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Propolisul a demonstrat, de asemenea, o eficacitate remarcabil\u0103 \u00eempotriva C. albicans<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Cercetarea noastr\u0103 a confirmat o eficacitate ridicat\u0103 \u00eempotriva bacteriilor Gram-pozitive. Aceste rezultate sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 propolisul ar putea servi ca un tratament alternativ eficient pentru infec\u021biile externe cauzate de bacteriile Gram-pozitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n

        MEC (Concentra\u021bia Minim\u0103 de Eradicare) se refer\u0103 la cea mai mic\u0103 concentra\u021bie a unei substan\u021be necesar\u0103 pentru a reduce num\u0103rul de microorganisme cu cel pu\u021bin patru ordine de m\u0103rime, eradic\u00e2ndu-le efectiv. \u00cen acest studiu, valorile MEC sunt utilizate pentru a evalua eficacitatea propolisului \u00een eliminarea complet\u0103 a Trichomonas gallinae \u0219i a altor agen\u021bi patogeni.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u00c1d\u00e1m Kerek, P\u00e9ter Csan\u00e1dy, Barbara Tuska-Szalay, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kov\u00e1cs \u0219i \u00c1kos Jerzsele, Eficacitatea in vitro a propolisului maghiar \u00eempotriva bacteriilor, drojdiei \u0219i Trichomonas gallinae izolate din porumbei \u2014 O posibil\u0103 alternativ\u0103 la antibiotice?, Resurse 2023<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Rezisten\u021ba la antimicrobiene este una dintre cele mai grave probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate uman\u0103 \u0219i animal\u0103 ale timpului nostru. De exemplu, tulpinile de Candida albicans izolate de la porumbei prezint\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult rezisten\u021b\u0103 la clotrimazol, natamicin\u0103, flucitozin\u0103, amfotericin\u0103 B, ketoconazol, nistatin\u0103 \u0219i econazol. Porumbeii voiajori joac\u0103 un rol cheie \u00een r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea rezisten\u021bei, deoarece c\u0103l\u0103toresc sute de kilometri [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1786,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Effectiveness of Propolis Against Bacteria, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas gallinae Isolated from Pigeons \u2013 A Possible Alternative to Antibiotics - Cest Pharma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cest-pharma.com\/ro\/2025\/04\/08\/the-effectiveness-of-propolis-against-bacteria-candida-albicans-and-trichomonas-gallinae-isolated-from-pigeons-a-possible-alternative-to-antibiotics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Effectiveness of Propolis Against Bacteria, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas gallinae Isolated from Pigeons \u2013 A Possible Alternative to Antibiotics - Cest Pharma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious human and animal health issues of our time. 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